The nonradiative changeover costs follow the system WNR = W (0) exp(-alphap), exactly where p is the volume of phonons matching the energy gap. The nonradiative changeover rates of Er3+ show temperature dependence in line with the multiphonon leisure idea. In Tm3+ the temperature dependence of nonradiative relaxation charges is https://aesopp158yab3.wikikarts.com/user